Institutions
EU architecture and institutional roles
Questions often test which body does what: strategic direction, legislative adoption, initiative, legality control, audit and political accountability.
A short guide to the EU pp. 30-32
basic map of Parliament, Council, Commission and treaties
The European Council and the Council of the European Union pp. 4-11, 20-32
difference between the two Councils, Council role, voting, configurations and presidency
The Court of Justice of the European Union pp. 8, 14-16
CJEU, Court of Justice and General Court
European Court of Auditors pp. 3-6
external audit and value-for-money control
Institutions
European Council, Council, Coreper and working parties
Know the chain from leaders to ministers to ambassadors to expert groups. This is where many candidates confuse summit direction with legislation.
The European Council and the Council of the European Union pp. 12-20, 38-48
European Council conclusions, Coreper I/II and working parties
History of the Council of the European Union and of the European Council pp. 12-43, 46-76
legal-political evolution from ECSC councils to Lisbon
Institutions
EU law
Legislative procedure and decision-making
Expect traps around initiative, negotiation mandates, Council voting, Parliament co-decision and the difference between annual and long-term budget decisions.
The European Council and the Council of the European Union pp. 56-72
voting, ordinary legislation, trilogue-style negotiation and budget planning
70 years of EU law pp. 295-358
Commission as infringement driver, internal market clock master and legislative quality actor
EU law
EU legal order, primacy, direct effect and enforcement
This is the legal backbone. Candidate must connect Van Gend en Loos, Costa, national courts, preliminary rulings, infringement and judicial review.
70 years of EU law pp. 15-35, 296-310
EU law as integration thread, direct effect, primacy and infringement procedure
The Court of Justice of the European Union pp. 8, 14, 20-28
court missions, preliminary rulings, direct actions, appeals and delivery of judgments
EU law
Values & rights
Values, rule of law and fundamental rights
Know Article 2 values in plain language, how rule-of-law issues link to EU funds, and why fundamental rights are not just political slogans.
A short guide to the EU pp. 6-7
values and citizen rights in simple form
70 years of EU law pp. 33-94
values, constitutional identity, budget conditionality and human rights
The EU in 2025 ch. 6, pp. 82-89
democracy, values and rule-of-law current agenda
Highlights from the first year in office p. 6
democracy shield, civil society, equality and youth
EU law
Values & rights
Citizenship, free movement, data protection and equality
Questions can move from rights vocabulary to concrete everyday examples: work, study, travel, data, consumer protection and non-discrimination.
A short guide to the EU pp. 7-8, 22-23, 33-34
rights, single market, Schengen, living and participation
70 years of EU law pp. 95-156
citizenship, data protection and citizens’ union
The Court of Justice of the European Union p. 11
how EU law reaches daily life
Euro & EMU
Euro, EMU and economic governance
Focus on roles and sequence: convergence criteria, ECB monetary policy, Ecofin, Eurogroup, Stability and Growth Pact, ESM and banking union.
One currency for one Europe pp. 1-20
EMU definition, history, Maastricht criteria, launch, management, enlargement and glossary
Understanding the Economic and Monetary Union pp. 4-23
who does what, timeline, governance, ESM, banking union and 2020s shocks
The euro area p. 1
visual snapshot of euro area membership and economic scale
Budget & audit
Institutions
Budget, funds, own resources and audit
Candidate should know where EU money comes from, how the MFF differs from the annual budget, who audits spending, and what value for money means.
A short guide to the EU pp. 11, 24-27
EU budget sources, NextGenerationEU and regional investments
The European Council and the Council of the European Union pp. 68-72
MFF, own resources and annual budget
European Court of Auditors pp. 3-6
audit purpose, who auditors are and how reports improve spending
State of the Union 2025 pp. 88-94
future budget framing and financing choices
Current agenda
Current EU policy agenda
Current-affairs material is broad. Learn the buckets and examples, not every statistic: Ukraine, competitiveness, defence, skills, democracy, global Europe and future budget.
The EU in 2025 chapters 1-8
full annual report across all major policy areas
State of the Union 2025 pp. 22-28, 31-94
letter of intent, priorities and progress sections
Highlights from the first year in office pp. 1-8
compressed revision sheet
Current agenda
External action
Defence, security, migration, Ukraine and external action
Expect links between geopolitics and EU instruments: sanctions, Ukraine support, Schengen, migration, defence readiness, Global Gateway and partnerships.
The EU in 2025 ch. 1, ch. 3, ch. 7
Ukraine, defence/security and global Europe
State of the Union 2025 address, pp. 55-76
defence, readiness, Schengen, migration and global role
The European Council and the Council of the European Union pp. 74-80
external relations, Foreign Affairs Council and sanctions
Highlights from the first year in office pp. 4-5, 8
defence, Ukraine, migration and global partnerships
Current agenda
Green, digital, industrial and competitiveness agenda
Know the policy vocabulary: Competitiveness Compass, Clean Industrial Deal, digital transformation, AI, critical raw materials, skills and climate targets.
A short guide to the EU pp. 14-17
Green Deal, climate and digital transformation explained simply
The EU in 2025 ch. 2, pp. 15-36
sustainable, prosperous and competitive Europe
State of the Union 2025 pp. 31-55
competitive and prosperous Union
Highlights from the first year in office pp. 2-3
competitiveness, clean industry, AI, research, trade and cohesion
EPSO selection
EPSO competency language
This leaflet tells you the behaviour vocabulary EPSO expects. Use it to label your examples and to audit written-test tone.
EU careers pp. 1-10
8 competencies and anchors
The EU in 2025 any policy chapter
source material for policy examples
A short guide to the EU pp. 30-34
plain institutional language for concise explanations